Orthodontics is a branch of dentistry that deals with the correction of malformation of teeth and supporting structures. It corrects improper arrangement of teeth which improves patient’s appearance as well as oral function. One should understand that correcting malocclusion is not just for a perfect smile but for effective cleaning of teeth also. So if it’s left undiagnosed, it could lead to numerous problems later on as age advances.
Modern dentistry has advanced a lot and so in the field of orthodontics also. According to the American Association of Orthodontics, it is necessary to get an evaluation done from orthodontist by the age of 7. Many children might require the guidance of dental and facial development as the first phase of orthodontic treatment, commonly called Phase 1 or Interceptive Orthodontics. If indicated, this is typically attempted in the mixed dentition or very early in the permanent dentition. The main benefit acquired through interceptive orthodontics is that treatment is dependent on physiological growth, hence eliminates the need for complicated fixed orthodontic treatment in the future and, achieves more stable results because the tooth and arch length are in harmony.
For issues related to crowding of teeth, some lost space can be regained using appliances to reposition teeth to their original positions. These attempts to regain space are usually limited to mild or moderate crowding, depending on several variables. In a case with very mild crowding, space regaining can be postponed until the patient is ready for comprehensive orthodontic treatment in the permanent dentition. Some patients have dramatic space shortages due to a general lack of space or space loss. If the crowding amounts to more than approximately 5 mm extraction of permanent teeth must be considered.
One must keep in mind that interceptive orthodontics doesn’t mean its an alternative to the fixed braces therapy. It paves the way for better results. Not all cases can be treated completely with just interceptive orthodontics, it just adds to the less complicated phase of fixed orthodontic treatment.
When the crowding approaches 10 mm per arch, serial extraction can be attempted if the molars are in a Class I relationship and the teeth present are in good health. The classic serial extraction procedure involves the extraction of the primary canines, which allows the alignment of the incisors. During the serial extraction sequence, the patient must be monitored to avoid loss of space and ensure the teeth erupt in proper alignment. The correction of an anterior or posterior crossbite should also be done early on. Crossbites can be of a single tooth or many teeth. A single tooth anterior crossbite can occur due to trauma, a retained primary tooth or crowding. If enough space is present, it is relatively easy to correct. Early correction of skeletal disharmonies is a great challenge in orthodontics which involves the fabrication of certain appliances that changes skeletal positions.
